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SUMMARY:APPLICATION OF UNIVERSALITY IN CASCADE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE STUDY O
 F HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS IN SPACE EXPERIMENTS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20261030T150000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20261030T151500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20261023T210714Z
UID:indico-contribution-6224@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anastassiya Fedossimova (Institute of Physics and Te
 chnology)\nMost energy measurement methods used in modern experiments are 
 based on the cascade curve\, i.e.\, the dependence of the cascade size (ty
 pically expressed as the logarithm of the energy deposition\, log q\, in a
  given calorimeter layer) on the penetration depth (d) of the cascade into
  that layer. If the cascade curve reaches its maximum within the calorimet
 er\, the primary energy can be reconstructed with relatively high accuracy
 . However\, to measure the cascade maximum\, the calorimeter must have suf
 ficient thickness\; moreover\, the higher the primary energy\, the thicker
  the calorimeter needs to be.\nCascade curves exhibit significant fluctuat
 ions. A cascade may start developing in the first measurement layer\, for 
 example\, or in the tenth layer. Accordingly\, the total energy deposition
  in the calorimeter for these two cascades will differ substantially. In a
 ddition\, since the primary energy is determined using the total energy de
 position\, large fluctuations in the latter lead to large uncertainties in
  the reconstruction of the primary energy.\n\nIn this work\, a method for 
 reducing fluctuations (LFM) is presented to improve energy reconstruction 
 for data obtained with thin calorimeters. The proposed method is based on 
 the use of so-called correlation curves\, i.e.\, the dependence of the cas
 cade size (S = log q) on the cascade development rate (R). The cascade dev
 elopment rate is defined as the difference between cascade sizes at two me
 asurement levels divided by the calorimeter thickness over which this chan
 ge occurs:\n\nR = (S₁ − S₂) / (d₁ − d₂)\, where d₁ and d₂ 
 are the penetration depths corresponding to these two measurement layers.\
 nThe size–rate curves exhibit minimal fluctuations. They coincide for ca
 scades that start developing in the first measurement layer and for those 
 that begin in the tenth measurement layer. As a result\, the energy resolu
 tion achieved with this approach is superior to that obtained using conven
 tional cascade curves.\n\nThis method is based on the assumption of the un
 iversality of cascade development for particles with the same energy and c
 harge. Cascades differ significantly in the parameters of the first intera
 ction\, which leads to large fluctuations at the initial stage of the casc
 ade curve.\n\nHowever\, fluctuations become small once a large number of s
 econdary particles are produced in the cascade.\n\nUsing this method\, the
  primary energy is reconstructed near the beginning of the cascade develop
 ment. Thus\, with increasing energy\, there is no need to increase the thi
 ckness of the calorimeter.\nThe proposed method is universal for a wide ra
 nge of energies and different nuclei.\n\nhttps://indico.particle.mephi.ru/
 event/626/contributions/6224/
LOCATION:Sevastopol Hotel
URL:https://indico.particle.mephi.ru/event/626/contributions/6224/
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